KOREAN COUNTING

There are two different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first numbering system is used when counting, or when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first ten numbers in this system are as follows:
1 : hanah
2 : dool
3 : set
4 : net
5 : dasot
6 : yasot
7 : ilgop
8 : yadol
9 : ahop
10 : yool
The stress in “hanah”, “dasot”, and “yasot” is on the first syllable, in “ilgop”, “yadol”, and “ahop” on the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently almost disappears (e.g., “han”, “das”, “yos”, “lgop”, “hop”, etc.).

TENETS OF TAEKWONDO

ye ui : courtesy
yom chi : integrity
in nae : perseverance
guk gi : self-control 
baekjool boolgool : indomitable spirit

BASIC BODY PARTS

mom : body
kwanjeol : joint
mori : head
angoo : eyeball
katdung : nose
in joong : philtrum
mok : neck
eukhe : shoulder
myong chi : solar plexus
pal : arm
palkup : elbow
palmok : forearm
an palmok : inner side of forearm
bakat palmok : outer side of forearm
meet palmok : palm side of forearm
wi palmok : back side of forearm
dung palmok : back of forearm
sonmok gwanjol : wrist joint
son : hand
sonkal : outside edge of hand (knifehand)
sonkal dung : inside edge of hand (ridgehand)
son dung : back hand
joomuk : fist
songarak : finger
sonkut : fingertip
hori : waist
sataguni: groin
dari : legs
moorup : knee
jong kwaeng-i : shin
bal mok : ankle
bal : foot (or feet)
baltung : instep
bal kal : outside edge of foot
ap kumchi : ball of foot
dwit kumchi : heel
dwit chook : bottom of heel
balkut : toes

BODY MOVEMENTS

makgi : block
chagi : kick
jirugi : twist or punch
taerigi : strike 
tulgi : thrust 
matsogi : sparring
bituro : twisting
omgyo didigi : stepping 
gujari dolgi : spot turn 
twigi : jumping
mikulgi : sliding (also “mee kul gi”)
japgi : holding/grabbing
donjigi : throwing
pihagi : dodging
hecho : spreading

DIRECTIONS

orun : right 
wen : left 
ap : front
an : inner
bakat : outer
bandae : reverse
dwi : back
annuro : inward
bakuro : outward
wi : high (up)
kaunde : middle
nopunde : high
najunde : low

RANK

kup : grade
dan : degree
Assistant instructor : Boosabum
Grand Master : Saesong
International Instructor : Guk Jae Sabumnim
Master : Sahyun
President : Chung-Jae Sabumnim
Student : Jeja
dan gup jedo : system of rank

HAND POSITIONS

sonkal : knifehand
sonkal dung : ridgehand 
sonbadak : palm 
son dung : back hand 
bandalson : arc hand
jipje son : pincers hand
joomuk : fist
dung joomuk : back fist
yup joomuk : side fist
inji joomuk : forefinger one-knuckle fist
joongi joomuk : middle-finger one-knuckle fist
umji joomuk : thumb knuckle fist
pyun joomuk : flat (or open) fist

HAND ATTACKS

baro jirugi : straight (return) punch
bandae jirugi : reverse punch
sewo jirugi : vertical punch
dwijibo jirugi : upset punch
naeryo jirugi : downward punch
ollyo jirugi : upwards punch
digutja jirugi : `U’-shaped punch

BLOCKS

bakat palmok makgi : outer forearm block
an palmok makgi : inner forearm block
sang palmok makgi : twin forearm block
annuro makgi : inward block
bakuro makgi : outward block
chookyo makgi : rising block
daebi makgi : guarding block
gutja makgi : `9′-shaped block (cross block)
kyocha makgi : `X’-shaped block (also “kyo cha mahki”)
noollo makgi : pressing block

KICKS

cha olligi : rising (stretching) kick
yopcha tulgi : side thrusting kick
ap chagi : front kick
yop chagi : side kick
dollyo chagi : turning kick
dwit chagi : back kick
bandae dollyo chagi : reverse turning kick 
bandae dollyo goro chagi : reverse hooking kick
golcho chagi : hook kick 
bandal chagi : crescent kick
naeryo chagi : ax kick (downwards kick)
yopcha milgi : side pushing kick (also “mil gi chagi”)
gokaeng-i chagi : pick shaped kick
twimyo chagi : flying kick
yonsak chagi : combination (consecutive) kick

STANCES

sogi : stance
narani junbi sogi : parallel ready stance
annun sogi : sitting stance
dwitbal sogi : rear foot stance
gunnan sogi : walking stance
niunja sogi : sparring stance
nachuo sogi : low stance 
gojung sogi : fixed stance
goburyo junbi sogi : bending ready stance
moa sogi : closed stance
sasun sogi : diagonal stance
kyocha sogi : `X’-stance
waebal sogi : one-leg stance
soojik sogi : vertical stance

SPARRING

jayu matsogi : (free) sparring
ilbo matsogi : one step sparring
ibo matsogi : two step sparring
sambo matsogi : three step sparring
ju ui : warning
gam jum : foul
sil kyuk : disqualification
chong : blue
hong : red

PATTERNS

tul : pattern

UNIFORM

tie : belt
dobok : uniform
ha’i : training pants
sang’i : training pants

COMMANDS

charyot : attention
junbi : ready
Pa-ro : return to starting position

dwiyo torra : about turn
gomman : stop 
haesan : class dismissed (also “hae cho”)
kyong-ye : bow
koo ryung op see : in your own time
sijak : begin
swiyo : relax / at ease
gaesok : continue

COMMON PHRASES

ye : yes (also “ne”)
anio : no
kahm sa hamnida : thank you
komap sumnida : less formal form of “thank you”
cheon maeneyo : you’re welcome (literally “Don’t mention it!”)
cheuk ka hamnida : congratulations!
ahnyong hasimnika : How are you? (literally “Are you well?” or “Are you at peace?”)
ahnyong hasayo : less formal form of “How are you?”
yoboseyo : hello (used on the phone or to get someone’s attention; literally “Please look here!”)
ahnyonghee gasipsiyo : good-bye (to the person who is leaving); literally “Go in peace!”
ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo : good-bye (to the person who is staying); literally “Stay in peace!”
ahnyonghee gasayo : less formal form of “good-bye” (to the person who is leaving)
ahnyonghee gyesayo : less formal form of “good-bye” (to the person who is staying)
pangap seumnida : Pleased to meet you!
toh poepkeseoyo : See you later!
eoseo osayo : Welcome!
choesong hamnida : I’m sorry
mian hamnida : less formal form of “I’m sorry!”
shillye hamnida : Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act)
kwaen chanayo : That’s all right
ahlge seoyo : I understand
moreuge seoyo : I don’t understand
chaemi isseoyo : It is fun (or interesting)!

MISCELLANEOUS

dojang : place where one trains (house of discipline)
gong-kyok : offense
hosinsul : self-defense
mookyum : meditation
kihap : yell
jung shin yuk : mental strength, or martial art spirit (also “moodo jung shin”)
jung shin dong il : concentration of the mind
jung shin soo yang : development (training) of the mind
jung do : the “right” way (correctness of action)
sim shin dahn ryun : mind and body discipline
chung myung kwon : development (training) of the body, mind, and spirit
chi shik : knowledge of mind and thoughts
heng dong : execution (action) of the body and its techniques
pil seung : certain victory
il sok pil sai : one strike must kill
ho hyup : breathing
shim ho hyup : breathing control (deep breathing)
himm : force or power
ki : life-energy
dahnjun : the center of your “ki”
bokboo : the stomach area where “ki” is generated.
choong sim : center of gravity
chojum : focus (focal point) of your energy
jeung ga : increase (to strengthen or augment)
kyuk pa : breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles)
shibum : demonstration (or exhibition)
pyugi : stretching
ye jol : etiquette
jon gyung : respect
choong sung : loyalty (also “eui ri”)
jung jhik : honesty
kahjok : family